Romans 9

Summary. In this chapter, the Holy Spirit teaches us that the love and mercy of the Lord God Almighty are for all; the beloved Son of God came for the salvation of both Jews and Gentiles; and each person’s outcome is according to the choices they make by their own will. Romans 9:1-8. The love for brothers in faith is more important than the love for yourself. The beloved Son of God accepted the suffering of death on the cross for all humans. The Word of the Lord God Almighty is based on His will alone, not on the will of those who claim they are important and have understanding. Romans 9:9-14. The love and hate of the Lord are according to the outcome of each individual’s choice. The Lord God Almighty, Creator of all, in His power and knowledge beyond human imagination, has already foreseen the outcome of each individual as it is written, but it does not mean that He has chosen whom to love or hate. Let all humans understand that the Lord God Almighty is the fair and righteous God Most High. He does not change a person’s outcome even if that person will do bad; this is the free choice of each human. When a person chooses to do evil it is not the Lord God Almighty guiding them. Romans 9:15-20. Love and mercy from the Lord God Almighty are for everybody. The Lord God Almighty is the One who gives and takes the blessings and punishment. Nobody has influence in His decisions; only what the Lord God Almighty sees and knows in the person themselves because of the choices humans have and make according to their own will. His love and mercy are for all, but the ones who choose to follow the commandments; those are the ones for whom the Lord God Almighty will put the shield to protect them. Since all have been created by the Lord God Almighty, nothing could be not good. All things have been created for Him, by Him. Romans 9:21-33. The Lord God Almighty, the Creator of all, is above all. The Lord God Almighty is the Lord above all; His own people and Gentiles all have the call for serving. The beloved Son of God came down to be born as a human, with the purpose of saving not only His people but the Gentiles as well. The Jews are His children by birth, but the Gentiles are His children by the blood of the beloved Son of God. When the Lord God Almighty performed the work for salvation for all humans, that work became a stumbling block for His children. But if they learn to open their hearts, then they will not have this feeling of stumbling.
1 I say the truth in Christ, I am not lying, my conscience bearing witness with me in the Holy Spirit,
2 that I have great sorrow and unceasing pain in my heart.
3 For I was wishing, I myself, to be accursed from Christ for my brothers, my kinsmen according to the flesh;
4 who are Israelites; whose is the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the lawgiving, and the service, and the promises;
5 whose are the patriarchs, and from whom is Christ according to the flesh, who is over all, God blessed to the ages. Amen.
Comments Romans 9:1-5 Give attention, all believers; the love for brothers in faith is more important than the love for yourself. The beloved Son of God accepted the suffering of death on the cross for all humans; you who consider yourself a believer, follow the master of your life. The example has been shown to all humans; if you believe, take that example, but it does not mean that by accepting suffering you are equal to the Great One. For the beloved Son of God, the pain of death was greater than all human death because the sin of the whole world He carried on the wounds of those piercing nails. A human body cannot endure that pain, but the beloved Son of God in human form accepted that pain and sacrificed His human life for all humans.
6 However, it is not such as that the word of God has failed; for not all who are of Israel, are these Israel;
Comments Romans 9:6 “However, it is not such as that ...” Even though the Lord God Almighty tells His children what will happen, the eyes still make them wonder and doubt. The Lord blesses all His children when they truly commit themselves to obey and not try to seek human words to support their own minds. The Word of the Lord God Almighty is based on His will alone, not on the will of those who claim they are important and have understanding.
“For not all who are of Israel ...” To be truly children of God Almighty not only by human word but by the blood itself, the Lord God Almighty has chosen the seed of His servant to be called as His children. But those who call themselves that they are the true seed of His chosen one (Abraham) and try to put themselves to be the true seed of the chosen servant, but they are from the seed of the rejected one, and at the end the Lord God Almighty will reveal by actions who they truly are.
7 nor, because they are seed of Abraham are all children; but, In Isaac will your seed be called.
Comments Romans 9:7 The Lord God Almighty has called him to be the father of faith because of his faith. He believed wholeheartedly that the word of the Lord God Almighty would be fulfilled; even in his human mind, he had reason to believe it was impossible, but because of his unyielding faith, the Lord God Almighty has blessed His servant so that his seed will continue and fulfill the purpose that the Lord God Almighty has for His chosen servant. In history, it has been told that the birth of Isaac is the birth of the seed from His chosen servant. But the birth of the seed from human will is not the true blessing.
8 That is, the children of the flesh--these are not children of God; but the children of the promise are reckoned as seed.
Comments Romans 9:8 “... these are not children of God.” In the eyes of the Lord God Almighty, man may have many women, but only one woman is considered to be his partner in life. And the Lord God Almighty ordained both to take part to the end of life. And also, the blessing and punishment will come upon their faith and commitment. When the blessing comes upon the couple, the commitment of the Lord God Almighty also comes for that couple and their seeds. But those seeds must continue in faith and keep the commitment as has been given.
Q: Abraham is the father of faith and has been promised to receive a son; however, he goes and gets Hagar as a concubine. How can we understand his faith as being unwavering in this case?
A: The seeds of the faithful servants come through the blessed wife Sarah, who has been given to him. But because of love for his wife and lack of seedling, this made him agree to have a relationship according to the flesh, but the woman he got was from his own partner of life given to him. He did not act unfaithful to his woman of life. The seed from the other woman also gave his own heart a hard time keeping peace in the family.
“But the children of the promise ...” The promise of the Lord God Almighty comes with the both who have ordained their life from the Lord to be the true husband and wife of this earth. The blessing of the Lord God Almighty comes with the seedlings of the true couple in the eyes of the Lord God Almighty. His wife, Sarah, who has been given, is the true wife and these both, Abraham and Sarah, will have the blessing come. The seed from these both is the true blessing of the Lord God Almighty.
9 For the word of promise is this: According to this time I will come, and there will be a son to Sarah.
Comments Romans 9:9 “For the word of promise is this.” The faithful servant received the promise from the Lord God Almighty to multiply his seed through his chosen wife. This promise will keep the faithful servant having joy and peace for his life.
“According to this time I will come ...” The Lord God Almighty set a specific time and moment of life for all things to happen. And now the time to fulfill the promise has come, and the Lord God Almighty tells His servant, “the blessing comes down; be ready, do not worry about what people may say or the hard time. The promise of the Lord will be fulfilled, and also strength will be given to the woman.”
10 And not only so; but Rebecca also having conceived by one, having Isaac our father,
Comments Romans 9:10 The name of the woman who will carry the promise also had been mentioned out that she will be the one that carries the child to be fulfilled according to the promise.
11 for not yet having been born, neither having done anything good or evil, so that the purpose of God according to election might stand,
Comments Romans 9:11 “For not yet having been born.” Human before being born, the soul has been present with the Lord God Almighty waiting for the appointed time to come down; the soul before being born neither does good nor bad, but stays firm waiting for an order.
“Neither having done anything good or evil.” Before being born, the soul has no action, it just stays put; action that determines whether good or bad has not yet been performed by the soul itself.
“So that the purpose of God ...” The purpose of not yet committing any good or bad is for the freedom of the soul. What the soul wants to choose to do, that will point to how that soul will end. The Lord God Almighty has chosen the soul that chooses to listen to the inner feeling in themselves. The Lord God Almighty did not choose or make any soul do good or bad, but the choice of the soul is within themselves what they are. Before every soul was born, it was neither good nor bad, but the action after being born that will point the destination of the free choice that they have.
12 not of works, but of the One calling, it was said to her, The elder will serve the younger.
Comments Romans 9:12 “Not of works, but of the One calling.” The work of the soul, good or bad, is not what it is used for calling. But the point that the soul chooses to do good or bad, that is the point that the Lord God Almighty chooses that soul or not. When the soul chooses to follow the commandments of the Lord, that soul becomes the elect soul for the Lord God Almighty.
“... The elder will serve the younger.” Remember all humans, the Lord God Almighty sees the future and the ending of that soul before time. In this place, the Lord God Almighty saw who will be the leader and also saw who will choose to follow the commandments of the Lord. Here the younger, who will choose to follow the commandments, will be the one who leads the older.
13 As it has been written, Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.
Comments Romans 9:13 Give attention all believers; the Lord God Almighty, Creator of all, in His power and knowledge beyond human imagination, before humans are born, the Lord God Almighty, in His power and knowledge, has already foreseen the outcome of each individual as it is written, but it does not mean the Lord God Almighty has chosen whom to love or hate. The Lord God Almighty has foreseen what each individual will do; the love and hate are according to the outcome of each individual’s choice.
Q: Based on these comments how can we still have faith that the Lord is in control of all things as the Bible says? A: The Lord God Almighty lets the world continue, but at the same time He also creates and gives situations to make humans choose, which the Lord also provides the way for humans to choose His way. Without the Lord controlling or forcing humans to choose, the Lord still brings the situation to the point of one to choose. That situation, the Lord God Almighty has foreseen what each will choose to do; not by control but by choice humans will choose the path.
14 What then shall we say? There is unrighteousness with God; Never may it be!
Comments Romans 9:14 “... There is unrighteousness with God.” Let all readers think as well, because of the knowledge of God Almighty humans might thing there “is unrighteousness with God”; but the Lord God Almighty does not change a person’s outcome even if that person will do bad; this is the free choice of each human; when a person chooses to do evil it is not the Lord God Almighty guiding them.
“Never may it be.” Let all believers keep in mind and do not let the idea and the teaching of the world sway your hearts: you are serving the fair and righteous God Most High. Do not let the world’s teaching poison your minds; meditate and stay firm to the inner feeling; the Lord God Almighty is whispering to every heart to remain in faith. Do not let humans’ teachings sway your own heart. The Lord God Almighty loves all humans.
15 For He says to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.
Comments Romans 9:15 “I will have mercy on whom ...” The Lord God Almighty tells His faithful servant to give the word in truth that the Lord God Almighty, He Himself is the One who gives and takes the blessings and punishment. Nobody has influence in His decisions; only what the Lord God Almighty sees and knows in the person themselves because of the choice human have and they choose according to their own will. The Lord God Almighty does not trouble humans of their lives, but they trouble their own lives by their own wills. The problems are in the world by humans; the Lord God Almighty does not give troubles for humans.
“I will have compassion on whom ...” Love and mercy from the Lord God Almighty are for everybody; but when humans choose the way of life without following the commandments of God when trouble comes and humans blame the Lord God Almighty for giving them trouble, but humans do not remember their own mistakes in the beginning. The Lord God Almighty gives them the commandments to help them to avoid having problems for their lives, but humans believe the dark influence and take the commandments of God as leading to have hardship and problems for their lives. But they ignore and do not meditate on the commandments themselves: that the Lord God Almighty, the purpose of giving the commandments is to save their soul. His love and mercy are for all but the ones who choose to follow the commandments; those are the ones who the Lord God Almighty will put the shield to protect them.
16 So then it is not of the willing, nor of the running, but of God that shows mercy.
Comments Romans 9:16 Humans believe that if they do what human standards say, it is good, and that it is enough, and the Lord God Almighty should give them all the help and blessings. But the Lord God Almighty does what He pleases when the person follows His commandments. The one who refuses to follow takes their own lives in their own hands to face the problems.
17 For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, For this I have raised you up, so that I might show in you My power, and that My name might be proclaimed in all the earth.
Comments Romans 9:17 “For this I have raised you up ...” The Lord God Almighty has mercy on all humans, as this verse says. The Lord God Almighty has mercy and has chosen this person to be the ruler of one nation. The Lord God Almighty did not force him to behave in either way, good or bad; but the Lord God Almighty gave him earthly power, and he can choose by himself what he will do with that power.
Q: In the Bible, we have instances where the Lord hardens Pharaoh’s heart. So, how do we reconcile that action with a person’s free will? A: Humans have free will to choose what they want, but the time to use that free will is in the Lord God Almighty’s power. The Lord God Almighty will make the situation to force the person to act in His time that is needed.
“And that My name might be proclaimed ...” When the time of free will to act, the Lord God Almighty will use that time to proclaim His power, that all have free will, but that free will happens in the right time. The time that will glorify the power of the Lord God Almighty, that time which humans use to fulfill their own free will, will point out who is in control of all things.
18 So then, to whom He wills, He has mercy, and to whom He wills, He hardens.
Comments Romans 9:18 “So then, to whom He wills, He has mercy.” The Lord God Almighty has foreseen the future of each individual and what the person will do with their own free will, but the Lord God Almighty will make the situation to come to the point when that free will act out. The person has free will to choose their actions, but the Lord God Almighty has power to point out the moment of time for that person to act according to their own free will.
“And to whom He wills, He hardens.” But also: it will come to the point of time, that the Lord God Almighty does not want the person to act out their own free will. In that moment of time, the Lord God Almighty will harden their heart not to act out according to their free will.
19 You will say then to me, Why does He still find fault? For His purpose who is resisting?
Comments Romans 9:19 “... Why does He still find fault.” When all have been created by the Lord God Almighty, nothing could be not good. All things have been created for Him, by Him. The Lord God Almighty has every right to do as He pleases. When He wants to bless, the blessing will come. When He wants to punish, all the punishment will come. All things are under His command. Do not disagree in any way, listen and obey; that is the duty of all.
“For His purpose who is resisting.” The Lord God Almighty is above all things; nothing below can have any question for what the Lord God Almighty wants to do: those are the things that must be followed.
20 But rather, O man, who are you that answers against God? Will the thing formed say to the One having formed it, Why have you made me thus?
Comments Romans 9:20 Give attention all humans; you have been created, even though in your life you create many things for your needs, but everything that humans create is from the Lord God Almighty’s created things. Above all, everything has been created under the Lord God Almighty’s will and must listen and obey without questions or doubt why the thing should be this way or that way. The decision belongs to the Lord God Almighty who created you, not you who have been created to question or answer back. Imagine you are in a bucket; your limitation is the bucket. The Lord God Almighty is not in the bucket, but above, He can see through the bucket and manage everything. Whatever happens inside the bucket is under His control and direction.
21 Or has not the potter authority over the clay, out of the same lump to make one indeed a vessel unto honor, moreover another unto dishonor?
Comments Romans 9:21 “... to make one indeed a vessel unto honor.” The Lord God Almighty, the Creator of all, is above all. This earth is in His hand. When He created all things, His purpose also has been put in all things. But also, He gives the will and free choice for all things. Each has free will to choose, are they willing to follow or do they believe themselves to have power equally to the Creator and to make decisions. The will and protection of the Lord God Almighty are not an issue to accept but their own preference is the point of their choosing.
“Moreover another unto dishonor.” When the Lord God Almighty creates each individual, He has already foreseen the choice each will choose. But He does not destroy the ones that will rebel against Him. The Lord God Almighty lets each choose their own way: but the judgment will be at the end. To go to be honored and have peace for eternal or be far from the Lord God Almighty and stay in darkness to receive torture and suffering: that is all free choice for all of them.
22 But if God, willing to show the wrath, and to make His power known, bore with much patience vessels of wrath fitted for destruction;
Comments Romans 9:22 “But if God, willing to show the wrath ...” The Lord God Almighty has shown His power from the beginning of creation. All have witnessed His power and authority, but each individual also has free choice to choose for themselves. All things happen and end according to the plan from the beginning. If the Lord God Almighty chooses hard punishment for some individuals, no one has the right to disagree. The Creator is the One who makes final decisions.
“Bore with much patience vessels of wrath ...” The Lord God Almighty saw what each individual damage will do, but with love and mercy, He lets all according to their own choice to live and enjoy the time. Everyone has a choice to do for their life in a good or bad way, but at the same time, the Lord God Almighty has already seen what each has chosen to do. To be punished or to be blessed is already waiting, and the chosen point is the way that the Lord God Almighty allowed each individual to choose by themselves.
Q: What about wars? A: The leader that does bad chooses it by themselves to do bad, even though they already know that it is wrong to do it. The purpose of the Lord God Almighty is to let all choose by themselves what they want. The punishment for bad deeds they receive is their own mistake; the blessing is also the reward for those who listen to the voice from the deep of their hearts what they choose to do.
Q: What is the purpose of prayer? A: Humans, when pray, they have already put the answer to what the Lord should tell. But remember as well, the prayer itself is waiting and the Lord God Almighty listens to the prayer and helps each prayer to go and achieve what it should be. Even if bad things may happen to life, but the help also will be there. The prayer will help the soul to see clearer: which way to go and get lesser hard time. The prayer will lead the answer to come out: the Lord God Almighty will be in that point to make His will be done; and that prayer itself will make impact for the Lord God Almighty to consider what it should be.
23 also that He might make known the riches of His glory upon vessels of mercy, which He prepared unto glory,
Comments Romans 9:23 “... His glory upon vessels of mercy.” The one whose heart is completely surrendered follows all the commandments without forcing, but by the true wishing of the soul, the blessing of the Lord God Almighty will be shown through their actions: that one will receive a special call to serve in spreading the Word of God to people; the work will be given to that soul in spreading the good news.
“Which He prepared unto glory.” For the special servant, the Lord God Almighty will also prepare the path and strength to do the work. For the true believer’s heart which obeys and follows the commandments of God, the Lord God Almighty has shown His love for that soul, to find the true peace which will make that soul continue and be faithful in working for the Lord God Almighty.
24 whom even He has called, not only us out from the Jews, but also out from the Gentiles.
Comments Romans 9:24 The Lord God Almighty is the Lord above all, His own people, and Gentiles all have the call for serving. The Gentiles with the pure hearts will also receive the special call; the heart of Gentiles that are truly faithful will receive the guidance to work. The Lord God Almighty will make Himself known to that soul, and that soul will come out and follow in spreading the good news. To save the whole world, with only His people alone, the job is too big; the Gentiles are needed for the Lord God Almighty to spread the good news among the Gentiles.
25 As He says also in Hosea, I will call that my people, which is not my people; And her having been loved, not having been loved.
Comments Romans 9:25 “... which is not my people.” All humans are created with love and patience, but some stray away from the commandments of God and consider themselves not belonging to Him. These people reject the feeling of their soul whom they belong to, but regardless of their confusion they are still truly His people. Here we are talking about all human beings not only about the Jews.
“And her having been loved ...” Among humans the Lord God Almighty has chosen out some to be called His own people. The love the Lord God Almighty has for them continues forever; even when their own confusing mind comes up with rejection ideas about being called His children, the love for them still continues. The children that reject the Lord God Almighty should turn to be unloved children, but the love forever for them still remains. Here we are talking about the children of Israel.
26 And it will be; in the place where it was said to them, You are not My people, there they will be called sons of the living God.
Comments Romans 9:26 “... You are not My people.” The travel place, sometimes by their own confusion, they have rejected who they are and did not consider themselves to be the children of the Lord God Almighty. It is they themselves who rejected who they are, not the Lord God Almighty who rejected them.
“There they will be called sons of the living God.” The promise of the Lord God Almighty to their forefathers stands firm. Regardless of the situation of their heart and the place where they are, they are still His children forever.
27 Also Isaiah cries out concerning Israel, Though the number of the sons of Israel shall be as the sand of the sea, the remnant will be saved;
Comments Romans 9:27 “... sons of Israel shall be as the sand of the sea.” The children of the Lord God Almighty received blessings not only in wisdom, but also in multiplication. The Lord God Almighty blessed them to multiply in the amount, even the humans will be amazed and doubt how humans can multiply in the amount as they have (Genesis 22:17; Genesis 32:12; Hosea 1:10); when the blessings fall upon His children, the amount of blessing cannot be numbered: even in the amount of multiplying the people the Lord God Almighty can make them grow in number beyond what people normally can do.
“The remnant will be saved.” The amount that grows, only few that the Lord God Almighty has chosen to have faith unmovable, regardless how surrounding life may be; but the word of the Lord will be fulfilled for His children. From few chosen, they will spread out the faith through all humans. The name of the Lord God Almighty will spread out all over the world, and bring the true hearts to join together in glorifying the Lord God Almighty.
28 for the Lord will make the word upon the earth, completing and cutting short.
Comments Romans 9:28 The Lord God Almighty declared all things what will happen to humans and earth itself. By the mercy of the Lord God Almighty, the things that destroy the earth will happen in a swift and short period; but until that time comes, many generations go on. But the ones that have true faith will keep their hope and wait upon the promise, because the hearts that truly abide and follow all the commandments of God keep the physical minds and spiritual minds straight on the right path. These people become a chosen people which will continue the way of life in a Godly way. After the punishment of the earth, these people will continue to be the righteous ones and will keep faith in glorifying the Lord God Almighty.
29 And as Isaiah foretold, Except the Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed, We would have become like Sodom, and we would have been made like Gomorrah.
Comments Romans 9:29 “... Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed.” The Lord God Almighty has foreseen the future of His people. With love and mercy even in His anger, the kindness still pours down; the descendants of His people will always have the true faith in them, regardless of how many times of disobedience they have done. The protection and kindness will always follow them.
“We would have become like Sodom ...” In the Holy Bible it has told about these two nations; the punishment they received from disobedience. The people that He chose to bless them, at the end the blessings of the world also will come through them. Also, the punishment still shows upon them, the downpouring of the country is great, but the mercy also keeps them, and in the end the greatest blessing will come upon that nation: the true Savior of the world coming through their own blood line.
30 What then will we say? That Gentiles who do not pursue righteousness, have attained righteousness, even the righteousness by faith;
Comments Romans 9:30 Pay attention all Gentiles, even the term of calling you do not feel bad: Gentiles also are the chosen people of serving the Lord God Almighty the same as His own children. The beloved Son of God came down to be born as human, with the purpose of saving not only His people but the Gentiles as well. The Gentiles who have faith and follow the beloved Son of God’s teaching with the whole heart; that person transforms to be the children of the Lord God Almighty Himself. True faith in the beloved Son of God, that faith gives all the Gentiles to be righteous in front of the Lord God Almighty.
31 however Israel, pursuing after a law of righteousness, did not attain to that law.
Comments Romans 9:31 The ones by blood to be called themselves as the Lord God Almighty’s children who have the privilege to know the law but did not use that privilege in following completely the law; following the law without accepting and glorifying the beloved Son of God, that makes them lose the privilege to be called children of God. The beloved Son of God who has accepted the suffering of being crucified on the cross, gives that privilege to all that have faith and believe in Him. When Gentiles accept the suffering of the beloved Son of God as the payment for their sins, those Gentiles also receive the privilege to be called children of God because the beloved Son of God Himself is pleading for mercy from the Father for those souls. The Jews are His children by birth, but the Gentiles are His children by the blood of the beloved Son of God. The Jews are children of God by birth but did not follow the teachings of the beloved Son of God; nor did they accept the sacrifice of the beloved Son of God on the cross. The Old Law and commandments ended with the sacrificial blood of the beloved Son of God Himself on the cross; the salvation is only by the shed blood of the beloved Son of God on the cross, not by the law itself.
32 Because of why? Because it was not by faith, but as by works. They stumbled at the stone of stumbling;
Comments Romans 9:32 “Because it was not by faith, but as by works.” The Lord’s children always believe, that without doing work it also means they have no faith. The work becomes more important than the faith itself. The Lord God Almighty prefers faith before works, because the perfect work of love has been performed already for all humans.
33 according as it is written, Behold, I lay in Zion a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence; and the one believing on Him will not be put to shame.
Comments Romans 9:33 “... a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence” When the Lord God Almighty performed the work for salvation for all humans, that work became a stumbling block for His children. But if they learn to open their hearts, then they will not have this feeling of stumbling. For His children to be saved without work is not true faith. But the beloved Son of God has done complete work for salvation. His children have only one duty to do: come and trust in the work of the beloved Son of God. Their souls will be saved only through the Holy Blood of the Lamb of God.
“And the one believing on Him ...” When the children of God come to surrender to the beloved Son of God, their faith and blessing will shine as the morning sun; the Lord God Almighty will lift them up in the eyes of all humans.
Life and faith applications. 1) The promise of children from the Lord God Almighty comes with the both who have ordained their life from the Lord to be the true husband and wife of this earth. 2) The Lord God Almighty, in His power and knowledge, has already foreseen the outcome of each individual as it is written, but it does not mean the Lord God Almighty has chosen whom to love or hate. 3) Do not let humans’ teachings sway your own heart; we are serving the fair and righteous God Most High, and the Lord God Almighty loves all humans. 4) The Lord’s love and mercy are for all, but the ones who choose to follow the commandments; those are the ones for whom the Lord God Almighty will put the shield to protect them. 5) Humans have free will to choose what they want, but the time to use that free will is in the Lord God Almighty’s power. 6) The Lord God Almighty has every right to do as He pleases; all things are under His command; do not disagree in any way; listen and obey, for that is the duty of all. 7) Any human can become a child of God by the blood of the beloved Son of God.